Skin cancer can sometimes first appear as sudden changes in your skin—new moles, dark spots, or scaly patches. While many such changes are benign, some may signal skin cancer, which is among the most common but also one of the most treatable forms of cancer globally. Early detection is especially critical for melanoma, the most deadly type, because it can spread rapidly if not caught in time.

The three major types of skin cancer are Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC), Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC), and Melanoma. BCC often shows up as a shiny bump or scaly patch and usually grows slowly, rarely spreading. SCC may appear as a crusty, red nodule that can grow more quickly. Melanoma is more dangerous: it may present as a mole with irregular edges, multiple colors, or noticeable changes in size or shape.

Dermatologists use the ABCDE rule to help identify concerning moles: A for Asymmetry, B for Border irregularity, C for Color variation, D for Diameter over 6 mm, and E for Evolving or changing appearance. Some subtypes, like nodular melanoma, may develop rapidly and not always show all classic signs, which makes prompt evaluation even more important.

Making self‑exams a monthly habit can save lives. Use mirrors or enlist help to check hard‑to-see areas, and track any spot that changes, bleeds, or doesn’t heal. Preventive steps are equally important: apply a broad‑spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher daily, avoid tanning beds, and use protective clothing and hats outdoors. In short: noticing changes early, protecting your skin, and seeking evaluation at the first sign of something unusual offer the best chances of preventing serious outcomes.