Former National Security Advisor John Bolton has been indicted on 18 felony counts accusing him of improperly handling classified national defense information. The charges break down into 10 counts of unlawful retention and 8 counts of unauthorized transmission. Prosecutors allege Bolton kept classified documents at his home and in his office, and used personal email accounts to share “diary‑style” entries containing sensitive material with relatives.

Bolton served under President Donald Trump from 2018 to 2019. He has denied all wrongdoing, calling the prosecution politically motivated and asserting that parts of the case represent a rehash of previously investigated matters. He maintains he never compromised national security. His legal team also contends that certain documents cited were personal notes or diary entries, not official classified records, and that relevant issues had been previously reviewed.

Experts say this case presents significant legal challenges. Because it involves classified materials, the proceedings will follow the Classified Information Procedures Act (CIPA), which often slows down and complicates litigation. Many analysts note that proving intent—that Bolton knowingly and willfully mishandled national defense information—will be central to the prosecution’s case. At the same time, critics warn that when high‑profile political figures are prosecuted, especially in volatile times, there is a risk of eroding public confidence in impartial justice.

Bolton appeared in federal court in Maryland and pleaded not guilty. He was released on bond and will challenge both the charges and the classification status of the documents. The case is poised to test how legal standards for classified material apply to former high‑ranking officials, and the outcome could influence future enforcement and norms for handling sensitive government documents.