Diabetic foot: what it is and how to treat one of the most serious complications of diabetes

Understanding Diabetic Foot and Its Risk

Diabetic foot is a serious and potentially life-threatening complication of diabetes, often presenting as slow-healing wounds, ulcers, or sores. If untreated, these can lead to severe infections, gangrene, and even amputation. The condition primarily stems from two major issues associated with diabetes: peripheral neuropathy and poor blood circulation. Neuropathy reduces the ability to feel pain or injuries, so even small wounds may go unnoticed. Simultaneously, poor circulation hinders healing and increases the risk of infection.

Preventing diabetic foot begins with daily self-examinations. People with diabetes should regularly check their feet for signs of redness, swelling, blisters, or cuts, paying special attention to areas like the soles, heels, and between the toes. These checks help identify small issues before they escalate into serious complications. Maintaining proper foot hygiene is equally important. Feet should be washed daily with warm water and mild soap, then dried carefully, especially between the toes. Moisturizers can keep skin soft, but should not be applied between the toes to avoid fungal infections.

Footwear also plays a crucial role. Diabetics should wear clean, well-fitting shoes and breathable socks, avoiding walking barefoot—even at home—to prevent unnoticed injuries. Those with reduced sensation must also avoid heating pads or hot water bottles, which can cause accidental burns due to a lack of pain perception.

Prompt medical attention is vital if symptoms like color changes, persistent pain, swelling, or non-healing wounds occur. Early intervention can prevent minor issues from becoming serious. Effective diabetes management is the foundation of prevention—controlling blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol supports nerve function and circulation. Regular check-ups with a doctor or podiatrist, at least once annually, help monitor and treat early signs. With consistent care and vigilance, diabetic foot complications can often be prevented, preserving both health and mobility.

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