The American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) is one of the largest species of cockroaches commonly found in human‑occupied buildings. Adults often measure around 34–53 mm (about 3.4–5.3 cm) in length, and they have a reddish‑brown body with a pale yellow or lighter band around the pronotum (the shield‑like area behind the head). Both males and females are winged, and though they can fly short distances, they more commonly move by running.

These cockroaches prefer warm, humid and dark environments—such as basements, sewers, steam tunnels, kitchens, and areas with moisture or food residues. They are highly adaptable and opportunistic feeders, able to survive with limited food or water, and they will consume a wide variety of organic matter including fermenting material, paper, fabrics, and food scraps.

In terms of impact, the American cockroach poses several concerns. Because it frequents unsanitary places and then may enter food‑preparation or storage zones, it can contaminate food and surfaces with bacteria, and its droppings, shed skins and secretions are known allergens that may trigger or worsen asthma or allergies in sensitive individuals. They can also damage materials like paper, cardboard, fabric and stored supplies by chewing or scavenging. Effective prevention revolves around sanitation, moisture control, sealing cracks and openings, and reducing food and water sources rather than relying solely on reactive measures.